INTEGRATED IMMUNE–OXIDATIVE IMBALANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF ADVERSE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognized modifier of perioperative risk in children
with congenital heart disease (CHD), significantly increasing the incidence of early postoperative
complications [1–3]. Beyond hemodynamic impairment, growing evidence suggests that systemic
immune activation and oxidative stress play an important role in postoperative organ dysfunction
following cardiopulmonary bypass [4–6]. However, the combined immune–oxidative mechanisms
contributing to adverse outcomes in pediatric CHD patients with PH remain insufficiently
characterized.